Study of histopathological types of gastro-intestinal lesions by endoscopic biopsy

Introduction: Gastro Intestinal Tract (GIT) is an important site for wide variety of lesions which include congenital, inflammatory, neoplastic conditions. The invention of flexible fiber-optic endoscope is a very good achievement towards the diagnostic field. With the use of this facility direct vision of diseased mucosa and biopsy of mucosal lesions, therapeutic induction and photographic visualization of the lesions are made possible. Aim: Aim of this study was to know the incidence of Gastro intestinal lesions with reference to age, sex and site and to study the histopathological types of Gastro Intestinal lesions. Materials and methods: The present study included 180 GIT biopsies (gastro intestinal biopsies) between the period August 2013 to August 2015 .Clinical details and case histories were obtained from the patients presented to the gastroenterology department. Biopsies were obtained by the gastroenterologist with fiber optic forward viewing endoscope. Results: Among all the GIT biopsies, esophageal biopsies were 11 (6.11%), gastric biopsies were 31 (17.22%), gastro esophageal junction 4 (2.22%), and small Intestinal 67 (37.22%) and 67 (37.22%) was from large intestine. Conclusion: Endoscopy and subsequent biopsy for histopathology can detect early malignant lesions. In the absence of endoscopic screening, detection of these lesions may be missed. Such patients may present with advanced stage of disease in later life. In endoscopic biopsy only mucosa is seen, the level of invasion cannot be ascertained.

Histopathological features and immunoflorescence patterns in skin lesions

The diagnosis of vesiculo-bullous lesions and many other diseases is fundamentally based on the microscopic study of cells and tissues. This diagnostic method remains the standard, by which all other diagnostic tests are measured. Nevertheless, the era of the pathologist relying entirely on the examination of tissue sections stained by histochemical methods is gradually being replaced by a time Sridhar Reddy Erugula, P. Sujatha, Jesudass Govada, B. Suresh Reddy, B. Kavitha Reddy, Oruganti Venkata Ramanand, Pothuraju Haritha, Kandukuri Mahesh Kumar. Histopathological features and immunoflorescence patterns in skin lesions. IAIM, 2016; 3(11): 171-183. Page 172 when advanced immunologic and molecular techniques (i.e. analysis of DNA, RNA or protein structure and function) augment the process by which complicated diseases are classified.

Vesiculobullous lesions of the oral cavity

Vesiculobullous lesions are a type of mucocutaneous disease that is characterized by vesicles and bullae or blisters. Both vesicles and bullae are fluid-filled lesions, and they are distinguished by size, vesicles being less than 5–10 mm and bulla being larger than 5–10 mm, In the case of vesiculobullous diseases which are also immune disorders the term immunobullous is sometimes used. This review will provide an overview of vesiculobullous lesions involving oral cavity, their characteristic features and recent developments in the diagnosis of these lesions.

Congenital leukemia diagnosed on day one of life - A rare entity: Case report.

Congenital leukemia (CL) is a very rare disorder. Congenital leukemia is very uncommon myelo proliferative disorder and may be associated with Down syndrome. Congenital Leukemia constitutes approximately 1% of all pediatric leukemias. Though rare, congenital leukemia (CL) is a condition readily recognized by pathologist, hemato-pathologists and pediatricians. Diagnosis can be made by the presence of leukemic cells in peripheral smear and bone marrow. Some cases of congenital leukemias have been reported with skin involvement presenting as reddish pink, light brown or purple papules or nodules and purpura. Congenital leukemia is a rare disorder, but it’s a well-documented disease in which a disease process is detected at birth or very shortly within few days of birth. an estimated 160 to 190 reports of congenital leukemia has appeared in the literature. Most of the cases of CL diagnosed so far by various pathologists and hematopathologist belong to non--lymphoblastic lineage or myeloid lineage. Generally pediatric hematological malignancies are of lymphoid lineage. I have presented here a rare case of congenital leukemia of myeloid lineage which was diagnosed on day one in a low birth weight baby, born to non-consanguineous parents.

Benign on cytology, malignant on histopathology: Coexistence of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis with Papillary carcinoma of thyroid.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) are common diseases in clinical practice. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is the most common autoimmune thyroid disease and the most common cause of hypothyroidism. It is characterized by diffuse lymphocyte infiltration, fibrosis, and parenchymal atrophy. Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common malignant neoplasm of the thyroid. There is a high prevalence of association between HT and PTC FNAB is useful for diagnosing PTC in patients with HT associated thyroid lesions. The presence of HT in patients with PTC was associated with disease presentation at an earlier stage, less aggressive clinical course and better outcome. Here we have presented a case of hashimoto's thyroiditis with papillary thyroid carcinoma in a 37 years old female who came with complaints of swelling in front of neck. Cytology and radiology showed features of HT but, on histopathology it was diagnosed as HT with PTC.

Lactating adenoma of the breast: A case report.

Lactating adenomas are rare benign tumors of breast, frequently associated with pregnency and lactation. They are common in the third trimester of pregnancy during second and third decade. They present similarly as other benign lesions of breast and differentiation from them preoperatively is difficult both clinically and radiologically. it is characterised by typical changes of secretory epithelium leading to formation of a well-diffrentiated benign tumor. Cytology and histopathology remains the definitive tests for confirming the diagnosis. Surgery is the treatment of choice. They tend to regress spontaneously and prognosis is generally good. Here we have presennted such a rare case of lactating adenoma arising from 28 years old lactating women.

Incidentally detected carcinoma in situ in a fibroadenoma of breast in a postmenopausal woman: A case report.

Fibroadenomas are the most common benign tumor of the breast. it can occur in women of any age but the peak incidence seen in young adolescent women during the second and third decades of life, Fibroadenoma is a biphasic tumor, composed of an epithelial and a stromal component. Even though they are solitary lesions, multiple fibroadenomas can also occur especially in the older age group. Breast fibroadenomas seemed to display a wide spectrum of proliferative and non-proliferative histologic changes. Of all these changes, carcinoma arising from fibroadenoma is a rare occurrence. Here, we have presented such a rare case of carcinoma in situ arising from the long standing multiple fibroadenoma in a postmenopausal women. Clinical and radiological features are not helpful in identifying carcinoma arising from fibroadenoma. Histopathological examination of the excised specimen should be done for the confirmation of the diagnosis.

Malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) of the duodenum – A rare occurrence: Case report.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Most of the cases are located in the stomach followed by the small intestine. They arise from the interstitial cells of cajal, which are located in the wall of the intestine. Malignant GISTs are rare type of tumors in GIT. Small intestine GIST is more likely to be malignant compared to stomach. Here we reported such a rare case of malignant GIST in a 54 years old female patient who came to the hospital with complaints of pain and mass in abdomen. Ultrasound revealed a mass originating from the duodenum. Provisional clinical diagnosis of duodenal carcinoma was considered preoperatively. Patient underwent complete surgical excision of the tumor. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of malignant GIST. As the recurrence rate for malignant GIST is high, patient was kept on follow up.

Adenosquamous carcinoma of stomach: A rare entity – Case report.

Primary gastric adenosquamous carcinomas are rare and constitute less than 0.5% of all gastric malignancies. They are common in males and seen in sixth decade of life. These tumors are composed of both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in varied proportions. Here we have presented such a rare case in a 47 years old male patient who presented with complaints of abdominal pain and bleeding. Routine investigations were normal except for mild anemia. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed ulcerartive lesion in the pyloric antrum. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of adenosquamous carcinoma. They are aggressive tumors and have worse prognosis compared to adenocarcinomas hence, follow up is necessary.